Consciousness is a four- or higher-dimensional force that can operationalize the C-choosing-function and affect our trajectory through four-dimensional space.
consciousness ..composite entity .. components ..or the way it manifests itself .. as awareness ..or attention ..or free will .. to name a few ..
what passes as an inability to define consciousness ..is more fundamental ..is systemic as such .. consciousness as being the property of the system ..that stands above reality .. and manifests to us as .. spurts .. that last for moments only .. the intersections ..of a 4-d plane
bear similarities with
what makes people create convictions and stand by them .. simply a result of the materials upon which they conceive what happens what takes place in the sphere they are surrounded by .. where they unravel the threads of their lives
materials representing their state of knowledge ..of what is to be known and how deeply they know what they think they know .. skewed to a great extent upon the choices they made .. choices that they exert overriding influences .. self-imposed limits .. that ring-fence ..tight boundaries .. that strangle the individual within .. breathing space restricted .. the air it breathes .. it is needed .. ideas .. these furtive entities if heeded .. if their passage ..in and out ..of our sphere of influence .. are capable to break up the stranglehold ..the security enabled ring-fencing .. that was allowed to start building in the first place ..
consciousness kicks in
Showing posts with label consciousness. Show all posts
Showing posts with label consciousness. Show all posts
Monday, 19 September 2011
Thursday, 23 April 2009
Consciousness, a variable quantity that can be derived mathematically?
The concept of quantity is defined as
"the measurable, countable, or comparable property or aspect of a thing",
as
"something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable",
and as
"something that serves as the object of an operation".
Thing being
"a separate and self-contained entity".
And in logic, quantity is defined as
"the exact character of a proposition in reference to its universality, singularity, or particularity",
borrowing the extensions of universality, singularity and particularity for potential applications for the concept of physical quantity.
The concept of variable is defined as
"a quantity that can assume any of a set of values"
Constructing a wireless receiver/broadcaster you would expect to tune in, to a broadcasting/receiving radio source and receive/broadcast an output which can be measured.
Consciousness, is constructed gradually since childhood and it can be thought as a wireless receiver/broadcaster as it receives/broadcasts signals. And it is variable within each individual, as it is surmised by its content, that make up its volume, volume thought as a physical as well as a mental quantity. Physical pertaining to the brain, neurons and neural networks organised in reverberated cell assemblies, and mental volume, taken in respect of concepts, thoughts, ideas that make up its content. The physical/mental volume of consciousness changes as the time passes along. It is a time-dependent quantity. The physical/mental volume of consciousness is variable from individual to individual, as well.
By the analogy of the wireless receiver/broadcaster, consciousness is quantified, by its receiving aptitude, by the quantity of the signals received. In broad terms it can be defined as how many signals are taken in, out of all the signals that exist at a particular time and space. Space refers to physical and mental space alike, whereas time is assumed to be the same, for either notion of space. The variable, in this case, can be expressed in the form of percentage, although regarding the measurement against signals existing, can be measured instead against an accepted standard, like an average constructed out of a population of individuals.
As far as the broadcasting aptitude, it is expected that, it would be dependent upon the signals broadcasted, expressed as a percentage out of the total of the signals received.
Any mathematical formula to measure consciousness, should be based on the process of learning, as is accomplished in its various ways. Any way, learning is effected, it is expected to change the physical/mental volume of consciousness, as by learning acquire and elaborate on concepts, thoughts and ideas and by that the number of signals taken in.
The more the learning, the more the concepts the individual possess, the more the signals the individual takes in, the greater its consciousness
"the measurable, countable, or comparable property or aspect of a thing",
as
"something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable",
and as
"something that serves as the object of an operation".
Thing being
"a separate and self-contained entity".
And in logic, quantity is defined as
"the exact character of a proposition in reference to its universality, singularity, or particularity",
borrowing the extensions of universality, singularity and particularity for potential applications for the concept of physical quantity.
The concept of variable is defined as
"a quantity that can assume any of a set of values"
Constructing a wireless receiver/broadcaster you would expect to tune in, to a broadcasting/receiving radio source and receive/broadcast an output which can be measured.
Consciousness, is constructed gradually since childhood and it can be thought as a wireless receiver/broadcaster as it receives/broadcasts signals. And it is variable within each individual, as it is surmised by its content, that make up its volume, volume thought as a physical as well as a mental quantity. Physical pertaining to the brain, neurons and neural networks organised in reverberated cell assemblies, and mental volume, taken in respect of concepts, thoughts, ideas that make up its content. The physical/mental volume of consciousness changes as the time passes along. It is a time-dependent quantity. The physical/mental volume of consciousness is variable from individual to individual, as well.
By the analogy of the wireless receiver/broadcaster, consciousness is quantified, by its receiving aptitude, by the quantity of the signals received. In broad terms it can be defined as how many signals are taken in, out of all the signals that exist at a particular time and space. Space refers to physical and mental space alike, whereas time is assumed to be the same, for either notion of space. The variable, in this case, can be expressed in the form of percentage, although regarding the measurement against signals existing, can be measured instead against an accepted standard, like an average constructed out of a population of individuals.
As far as the broadcasting aptitude, it is expected that, it would be dependent upon the signals broadcasted, expressed as a percentage out of the total of the signals received.
Any mathematical formula to measure consciousness, should be based on the process of learning, as is accomplished in its various ways. Any way, learning is effected, it is expected to change the physical/mental volume of consciousness, as by learning acquire and elaborate on concepts, thoughts and ideas and by that the number of signals taken in.
The more the learning, the more the concepts the individual possess, the more the signals the individual takes in, the greater its consciousness
Friday, 23 January 2009
Consciousness reassures us that the world is, as is.
It has been said over and over again(?), that the role consciousness can play, is in sorting out states the individual finds itself amidst. States being either world, or inner self, or states out of the interaction with other individuals. All that we have amassed as we delve deep, with our minds chaotic processes, into them states.
Checking out the things around us, reminding us what each thing is. That a tree is a tree, or a cat is cat. A reassurance of the content of concepts, the stuff they are made up of. Along with, that we put keys in such and such place and that when we need them, we will find them in such and such place. To preserve the continuity in our daily lives. Contiguity? Congruency?
Consciousness reassures us that the world is, as is. Checking up on the contents of the concepts we have learned at some point in time, along with all the properties and attributes each concept is associated with.
Checking out the things around us, reminding us what each thing is. That a tree is a tree, or a cat is cat. A reassurance of the content of concepts, the stuff they are made up of. Along with, that we put keys in such and such place and that when we need them, we will find them in such and such place. To preserve the continuity in our daily lives. Contiguity? Congruency?
Consciousness reassures us that the world is, as is. Checking up on the contents of the concepts we have learned at some point in time, along with all the properties and attributes each concept is associated with.
Saturday, 20 September 2008
Consciousness arises in consciousness-experience molecular groups? Similar to photosynthetic photoactive systems?
A thought struck me while I read through the report from SOFTPEDIA on 'Quantum Physics Explains Photosynthesis' and I grabbed it. My mind connected their findings with what is mentioned in the paper by Jonathan CW Edwards of 'Is Consciousness Only a Property of Individual Cells?'
I read in Jonathan CW Edwards thesis that single neurones are responsible for bringing about consciousness,
"Integration of signals inside cells is complex and can mimic multiplication. It may involve patterns. Thus although it might be argued that binding in a cell poses the same problem as in a net of cells, it does not have to. What we know of the brain indicates that binding could not occur between cells linked by discrete signals but might occur in a cell. A sophisticated substrate might be needed in the cellular 'black box' but if patterns are involved at all, this would need to be the place."
and
" ... consciousness is a basic correlate of function, but a function that only certain fundamental physical substrates can subserve. To know the true function is to know the substrate."
Binding all the elements of information to bring about experience and consciousness is not a task performed by the brain as a unit, but by single neurones? Each neurone creates a version of consciousness? And this is due to a sophisticated substrate? To know the true function is to know the substrate, Jonathan CW Edwards declares.
What can this substrate be? Something similar to the photoactive systems in photosynthesis? As it is mentioned in the SOFTPEDIA entry on the quantum physics explanation of photosynthesis
I read there
"The 2-D electronic spectroscopy can detect the energy transfer between molecules that are grouped in photoactive systems, due to their similar electronic and vibrational states."
Molecules grouped in photoactive systems on the basis of similar electronic and vibrational states? Like the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) molecular complex, the team investigated?
"The team investigated the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic protein, a molecular complex in green sulphur bacteria. FMO is preferred in photosynthesis researches because of its simplicity: it is made of just seven pigment molecules."
A molecular complex of a number of molecules embedded in the cytoplasm of a neurone cell with the task of creating experience and consciousness? In the same way that is referred to about energy transfer processes in photosynthesis?
"We have obtained the first direct evidence that remarkably long-lived wavelike electronic quantum coherence plays an important part in energy transfer processes during photosynthesis," said Graham Fleming, the main researcher and professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley. "This wavelike characteristic can explain the extreme efficiency of the energy transfer because it enables the system to simultaneously sample all the potential energy pathways and choose the most efficient one."
A system that is extremely efficient in energy transfer as it simultaneously samples all the potential energy pathways and choose the most efficient one? Simultaneity required by consciousness as Jonathan CW Edwards, mentions
"Thus, the key functional requirement of consciousness, as I see it, is that something has simultaneous (cotemporal) access to many elements (of information) in defined inter-relationships (SAMEDI), i.e. access to a pattern".
referred to as the information problem
"The information problem is how to find a neurophysiological unit in the brain that could have access to many elements of information as a pattern; perhaps 1000 elements in a single experience."
Simultaneity incorporated in
"The team detected "quantum beating" signals, coherent electronic oscillations in both donor and acceptor molecules, induced by light energy excitations."
coherent electronic oscillations in a consciousness-experience molecular groups between donor and acceptor molecules, that as it has been detected in photosynthesis
"Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy detected on a femtosecond (1/1000 000 000 000 000 of a second) time-scale these oscillations meeting and how they interfered, building wavelike motions of energy (superposition states) that can experience all possible energy pathways at a time and reversibly, so that they can go back from incorrect pathways with no penalty."
by an ensuing superposition of states and by the interference of coherent oscillations instantiates consciousness-experience? The non-bitwise mode of integration? Mentioned by Jonathan CW Edwards.
"A non-bitwise mode of integration within cells is probably already supported by experimental evidence."
Wave-like coherence in the oscillations as mentioned by Gregory Engel in 'Quantum Physics Explains Photosynthesis' report,
"In these spectra, the lowest-energy exciton (a bound electron-hole pair formed when an incoming photon boosts an electron out of the valence energy band into the conduction band) gives rise to a diagonal peak near 825 nanometers that clearly oscillates. The associated cross-peak amplitude also appears to oscillate. Surprisingly, this quantum beating lasted the entire 660 femtoseconds."
"The duration of the quantum beating signals was unexpected because the general scientific assumption had been that the electronic coherences responsible for such oscillations are rapidly destroyed. For this reason, the transfer of electronic coherence between excitons during relaxation has usually been ignored," Engel said. "By demonstrating that the energy transfer process does involve electronic coherence and that this coherence is much stronger than we would ever have expected, we have shown that the process can be much more efficient than the classical view could explain."
I read in Jonathan CW Edwards thesis that single neurones are responsible for bringing about consciousness,
"Integration of signals inside cells is complex and can mimic multiplication. It may involve patterns. Thus although it might be argued that binding in a cell poses the same problem as in a net of cells, it does not have to. What we know of the brain indicates that binding could not occur between cells linked by discrete signals but might occur in a cell. A sophisticated substrate might be needed in the cellular 'black box' but if patterns are involved at all, this would need to be the place."
and
" ... consciousness is a basic correlate of function, but a function that only certain fundamental physical substrates can subserve. To know the true function is to know the substrate."
Binding all the elements of information to bring about experience and consciousness is not a task performed by the brain as a unit, but by single neurones? Each neurone creates a version of consciousness? And this is due to a sophisticated substrate? To know the true function is to know the substrate, Jonathan CW Edwards declares.
What can this substrate be? Something similar to the photoactive systems in photosynthesis? As it is mentioned in the SOFTPEDIA entry on the quantum physics explanation of photosynthesis
I read there
"The 2-D electronic spectroscopy can detect the energy transfer between molecules that are grouped in photoactive systems, due to their similar electronic and vibrational states."
Molecules grouped in photoactive systems on the basis of similar electronic and vibrational states? Like the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) molecular complex, the team investigated?
"The team investigated the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic protein, a molecular complex in green sulphur bacteria. FMO is preferred in photosynthesis researches because of its simplicity: it is made of just seven pigment molecules."
A molecular complex of a number of molecules embedded in the cytoplasm of a neurone cell with the task of creating experience and consciousness? In the same way that is referred to about energy transfer processes in photosynthesis?
"We have obtained the first direct evidence that remarkably long-lived wavelike electronic quantum coherence plays an important part in energy transfer processes during photosynthesis," said Graham Fleming, the main researcher and professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley. "This wavelike characteristic can explain the extreme efficiency of the energy transfer because it enables the system to simultaneously sample all the potential energy pathways and choose the most efficient one."
A system that is extremely efficient in energy transfer as it simultaneously samples all the potential energy pathways and choose the most efficient one? Simultaneity required by consciousness as Jonathan CW Edwards, mentions
"Thus, the key functional requirement of consciousness, as I see it, is that something has simultaneous (cotemporal) access to many elements (of information) in defined inter-relationships (SAMEDI), i.e. access to a pattern".
referred to as the information problem
"The information problem is how to find a neurophysiological unit in the brain that could have access to many elements of information as a pattern; perhaps 1000 elements in a single experience."
Simultaneity incorporated in
"The team detected "quantum beating" signals, coherent electronic oscillations in both donor and acceptor molecules, induced by light energy excitations."
coherent electronic oscillations in a consciousness-experience molecular groups between donor and acceptor molecules, that as it has been detected in photosynthesis
"Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy detected on a femtosecond (1/1000 000 000 000 000 of a second) time-scale these oscillations meeting and how they interfered, building wavelike motions of energy (superposition states) that can experience all possible energy pathways at a time and reversibly, so that they can go back from incorrect pathways with no penalty."
by an ensuing superposition of states and by the interference of coherent oscillations instantiates consciousness-experience? The non-bitwise mode of integration? Mentioned by Jonathan CW Edwards.
"A non-bitwise mode of integration within cells is probably already supported by experimental evidence."
Wave-like coherence in the oscillations as mentioned by Gregory Engel in 'Quantum Physics Explains Photosynthesis' report,
"In these spectra, the lowest-energy exciton (a bound electron-hole pair formed when an incoming photon boosts an electron out of the valence energy band into the conduction band) gives rise to a diagonal peak near 825 nanometers that clearly oscillates. The associated cross-peak amplitude also appears to oscillate. Surprisingly, this quantum beating lasted the entire 660 femtoseconds."
"The duration of the quantum beating signals was unexpected because the general scientific assumption had been that the electronic coherences responsible for such oscillations are rapidly destroyed. For this reason, the transfer of electronic coherence between excitons during relaxation has usually been ignored," Engel said. "By demonstrating that the energy transfer process does involve electronic coherence and that this coherence is much stronger than we would ever have expected, we have shown that the process can be much more efficient than the classical view could explain."
Wednesday, 7 November 2007
Consciousness vs. awareness?
Consciousness and awareness put side by side or versus each other? Consciousness a mechanistic process which analyzes the product of the senses, which our awareness produce. In the example cited 'being tired', the awareness part and 'being conscious of being tired', the consciousness part, 'are two different things'. What is the difference? The awareness part we feel it, it is a sensation which is conveyed to our brain by our weary body due to fatigue in our muscles, triggered possibly by accumulated chemicals like lactic acid which produce neural impulses, conveyed by the nerve cells into our brain and our brain brings about the sensation of tiredness, the awareness of tiredness.
What about the consciousness part? What 'being conscious of being tired actually means'? The first thing obviously is that we can think about it, and use this assertion into what we can do about it. We bring about logic in order to respond to the situation our awareness of tiredness demands. So, since we are tired then we should rest and further depending on the task we set about to perform, to assess whether we can continue the task or not. All in all consciousness assists in deciding of what to do about our awareness, how to react to our awareness, to the messages arriving in our brain by the mechanisms employed by our awareness.
Thoughts about analogue vs. digital seem relevant. Analogue for awareness and digital for consciousness. Analogue general un-refined, where output comes from a broad spectrum of "registers" and digital the refined output where the signals received are rid of the noise and the effect each or a specific "register" receives, is clearly defined. Awareness gives us a broad view of a particular field on all our "registers", the senses for that matter, and consciousness makes it specific for each "register" or just the "register" we choose to focus on according to the task to be performed.
The matter is not finished yet. Referring to awareness as the state of being fully conscious of pertinent stimuli and really experiencing a task or situation brings in aspects attributed to consciousness. This makes fuzzier the boundaries between the two faculties. Or is it that consciousness rise, it becomes more subtle, more acute, by learning, training, repetition or other process therefore it makes it possible to distinguish between minute fluctuations in the stimuli presented to our senses. What our "registers" are picking up. It is still perception, the way we perceive our environment and therefore awareness. It is how a wine-taster develops the skills to evaluate wines using a constantly evolving formal terminology to describe the range of perceived flavours, aromas and other characteristics of a wine which an untrained, lay-person is largely unaware of. The concept of wine enriched with the properties of complexity and character sharpens wine tasters awareness of wines.
So this developed skill goes hand-in-hand with the firm acquisition of all the relevant concepts in the wine-making process. Concept development arising by the need to identify even finer differences between wine samples and once a concept is affirmed, continuing persistent differences might incite the creation of newer novel concepts, the process repeating itself, an abundance of concepts, a rise in consciousness that result in an even more acute wine-testing awareness.
Consciousness extends its breadth and depth, embracing ever wider realms of existence as more and more concepts are incorporated, hand-in-hand with an ever sharper and more acute perception and heightened awareness.
What about the consciousness part? What 'being conscious of being tired actually means'? The first thing obviously is that we can think about it, and use this assertion into what we can do about it. We bring about logic in order to respond to the situation our awareness of tiredness demands. So, since we are tired then we should rest and further depending on the task we set about to perform, to assess whether we can continue the task or not. All in all consciousness assists in deciding of what to do about our awareness, how to react to our awareness, to the messages arriving in our brain by the mechanisms employed by our awareness.
Thoughts about analogue vs. digital seem relevant. Analogue for awareness and digital for consciousness. Analogue general un-refined, where output comes from a broad spectrum of "registers" and digital the refined output where the signals received are rid of the noise and the effect each or a specific "register" receives, is clearly defined. Awareness gives us a broad view of a particular field on all our "registers", the senses for that matter, and consciousness makes it specific for each "register" or just the "register" we choose to focus on according to the task to be performed.
The matter is not finished yet. Referring to awareness as the state of being fully conscious of pertinent stimuli and really experiencing a task or situation brings in aspects attributed to consciousness. This makes fuzzier the boundaries between the two faculties. Or is it that consciousness rise, it becomes more subtle, more acute, by learning, training, repetition or other process therefore it makes it possible to distinguish between minute fluctuations in the stimuli presented to our senses. What our "registers" are picking up. It is still perception, the way we perceive our environment and therefore awareness. It is how a wine-taster develops the skills to evaluate wines using a constantly evolving formal terminology to describe the range of perceived flavours, aromas and other characteristics of a wine which an untrained, lay-person is largely unaware of. The concept of wine enriched with the properties of complexity and character sharpens wine tasters awareness of wines.
So this developed skill goes hand-in-hand with the firm acquisition of all the relevant concepts in the wine-making process. Concept development arising by the need to identify even finer differences between wine samples and once a concept is affirmed, continuing persistent differences might incite the creation of newer novel concepts, the process repeating itself, an abundance of concepts, a rise in consciousness that result in an even more acute wine-testing awareness.
Consciousness extends its breadth and depth, embracing ever wider realms of existence as more and more concepts are incorporated, hand-in-hand with an ever sharper and more acute perception and heightened awareness.
Friday, 25 May 2007
Illusion
When I start to write I feel an excitement that captivates me, I am hooked. I do not know where it would lead me, what I do know, I sense that the tiny flicker of a thought in my mind can turn into a wildfire. Like Erich Harth's noise in our brain that some random sparkle, a random fluctuation in feedback response, builds upon.
As the flicker gathers pace it engages more and more of the ideas, the thoughts that passed into my consciousness in the past, the books I read, the passages I reaped through, grasping, twisting and turning them around, abstracting, combining with one another, constantly. Traversing through boundaries, surpassing context finally arrives to a new thought, a different kind of idea, developed in a sense similar to the one given by Kosslyn's words,
"to contemplate something that has never existed before",
mentioned in Erich Harth's book "The creative loop".
Provide a different approach a solution that makes sense. The thoughts jump from one to another effortlessly as if the path was already trodden, long awaiting for me to arrive. A force pulling me towards. I do not look back. A mental shift, a paradigm shift and once I arrive there the only way I can go is forward. Another thought another idea still awaiting.
This brings to me thoughts of intellectualization, as in the Wikipedia entry, attributed to Sigmund Freud which I found highly indignant and was left agitated as it made me feel as I was a mental case and I should seek treatment by some shrink. It was not comfort and I did not find solace in the statement that Leonardo Da Vinci was branded by Freud as a classic case for this affliction. What can I offer towards this approach that mollifies my expression? It is an extract from an interview of a scholar, I listened to in a Greek television channel, although it goes along the same lines, it lacks the clinical approach. It goes: 'All great achievements of human kind were the result of enormous efforts, humiliations, sacrifices. The reason being the need of personal expression of individuals with great anxiety. People that are in excellent condition, in health and wealth, have no reason to express their anxiety. They do not have anxiety, they have everything. Suffering is the source of inspiration. It creates anxiety and anxiety provides the push forward to reach a goal'. What goal? Can it be reached? Who knows.
Thoughts about humanity's place in the universe, the vastness of reality and earth our planet barely a grain in comparison, amidst all-powerful destructive forces and vast timescales. Could anything that we do can make a difference? That is not a pessimistic view. It is all a matter of putting things into perspective and go about our goals without flinching, undeterred, to constantly evolve and keep in perpetual motion, a dynamic state of being. Along these lines, I understand the part of the extract I did not mention. The Greek scholar also said
"to preserve the illusion".
Who can tell that the world we live in, is not an illusion. Another "matrix re-loaded".
We all have the potential to turn flickers into wildfires but some of us lost it somewhere in our arduous journey along the long drawn paths of our evolution.
What was the catalyst that effected that process? What was the reason of loosing our potential to turn flickers into wildfires?
Just by chance again I came along a source that I felt it would provide an answer. In Noah Kennedy's book "The industrialization of intelligence" in page 78, it is mentioned that the German social historian Max Weber stated that:
"the historical seed for all social discipline was military discipline, and that in all societies the social discipline developed for warfare would always have some significant influence on the structure of the state and the economy. Weber considered it self-evident that the second great agency of social discipline, and the one most likely to borrow lessons from the warriors, was the large-scale economic organisation: the Pharaohs' workshops, the slave-owners' plantations, the capitalists' factories and, presumably in our time, the corporate office."
What can we perceive from that extract? Is it not obvious? The infrastructure of the even larger-scale economic organisation of today, built along the lines of Max Weber's insight, demands from us rigid social discipline similar to the military discipline? And in the process leave behind the inspiration the flicker-wildfire-potential, soldiers in the line of duty. And to what avail? Certainly our world needs growth and progress and co-ordinated action is the only way to achieve it. But is it necessary to do that with military discipline? Can we not do that in another way. Who is actually benefiting from that?
An answer might be given from the extract that continues about the ruminations of Max Weber which goes:
"The need for war discipline arises from the utility in warfare of directing individuals so that masses of individual actions can be channeled into what from their leaders' standpoint is rational group behaviour."
So warfare proper, masses of individual actions directed, the need to direct it. By whom? By the leaders? Can an individual's standpoint be so determining, so absolute that would be allowed to dictate the behaviour of all the rest of the individuals? Do individuals need that? For what?
One of the main attributes of the economic organisation is to provide benefits. Benefits for the participants. In all scales. However, these benefits are not proportional are disproportionate. The efforts of each participant is equally important to the economic organisation, as everyone is an integral part. It provides the whole, a whole that is more than the sum of its parts. And as each part is equal, there should not be distinctions in benefit out of the economic activity. Each one should be appreciated and the profits shared proportionately. Everyone should be entitled to work and develop a sense of belonging.
A sense of belonging which will provide social discipline based on self-discipline and replace the military discipline that robs individuals of their personality. Alienates them and robs them of their dignity and humanity.
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